Background: Although biotechnology is the science of God’s creation, but potential risks are presented by this technology as well. The magnitude and scope of the consequences to human and animal health and ecosystems may be very serious as the effects are irreversible.  Nations of the Thirld World countries are increasingly faced with the prospect of the introduction into their countries of genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMO’s) and products thereof. These will enter the Thirld World countries in greater abaundance as the movement by consumers, manufacturers and retailers in developed countries to reject these GMOs and products thereof. The ethics about this technology and especially environmental biotechnology is distinguished. Intrinsic and extrinsic ethics due to scientific and unapproved  information of the genetic material and … are of  importance.Conclusion: There are countries in the world which their economics depends on modern biotechnology. In many countries unavailability of rules and regulation is the major cause of biopiracy. The existence of International and National Laws and regulations are of the great importance. Neverthless in some countries common rules and regulations are available but they are not specifically for Genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS from ethical and biosafety point of view. 

The production of genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs) refers to crops, animals and microORGANISMS that emerged over the past three decades. GMOs triggered the opportunities to meaningfully increase the quantity and quality of production in agriculture, enhance nutritional quality, management of pests, weed and disease sustainability, reduce costs for food or drug production, improve public health as well as enhancing the quality of life. In following, systematic genetic dissection of MODIFIED ORGANISMS causes to dramatically expand the genomic knowledge and understanding. Based on the prevalence the transgenic ORGANISMS many countries or companies may need to execute GMO tests on diagnosing transgenic ORGANISMS and their products. The detection and labeling of transgenics crops aids researchers, farmers, suppliers, consumers, and GMO reference laboratories distinguish and track the genetic identity of GMOs at every stage of research, production, and transportation. The aim of the present review is to overview the antibody-based immunoassay methods for the detection of GMOs and their recombinant proteins.

Genetic research was initially limited to the screening and diagnosis of known hereditary diseases. After the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), studies became concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of many non-communicable diseases threatening the public health. Aside from this, genetic engineering, in its new form, is also concerned with the development of recombinant medications, genetic enhancement, and genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS and their applications. The climax of these achievements is the advent of transgenic creatures. These are ORGANISMS with a genetic makeup different from their natural one created through biotechnology. Transgenic products have become more popular in recent years, especially in agriculture and livestock sectors. At the same time, genetics and biotechnology are trying to keep pace with modern advancements. Genetic modifications have resulted in larger yields in agriculture and livestock as well as the development of new medications and vaccines. Despite the large profits that genetic engineering and transgenic ORGANISMS can bring for us, they may pose dangers in certain fields. Furthermore, there are ethical concerns about the application of these technologies.The present study attempted to address the ethical issues in new genetic technologies and analyze them with regard to the four principles of bioethics. For this purpose, keywords were first looked up in scientific sources and the data were classified; ethical considerations were then analyzed in the light of the four principles of bioethics. In the results section first the merits of such products for humanity and their contributions to saving the limited available resources are pointed out; subsequently, potential threats in some fields are addressed, along with considerations about the mass production and consumption of genetically engineered products, autonomy of individuals, the importance of raising awareness about the pros and cons of genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs), and their labeling. Finally, equity is addressed, and general benefits and harms, costs and effectiveness are discussed.

Rapid population growth has increased the need for agricultural and food products and paved the way for the development of agricultural activities ا Due to the limited land for cultivation, the increasing need for food will be possible only by achieving maximum productivity per unit area and increasing crop quality ا The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as irrigation are among the effective methods to increase the productivity of agricultural products, among which, the use of chemical fertilizers has always been one of the most important priorities in improving the agricultural activities of producers ا Farmers consider the use of these chemical inputs to increase crop yield, improve soil fertility and increase their income ا Recent studies have shown that excessive and untimely use of fertilizers has several adverse effects on the environment and human health ا These effects include leaching and displacement of compounds in different soil layers, groundwater and surface water pollution, accumulation of heavy metals and nitrates, increased wetland feed, air pollution and accumulation of nitrogen gases, sulfur and greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and extinction. He noted the ozone layer and the acidification of rain and the accumulation of chemicals in plant, animal and human tissues ا The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental and biological effects of improper use of chemical fertilizers and to provide a practical solution to reduce consumption and environmental pollution.

Genetically MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMO), which emerged in order to meet the increasing world population and the food need arising in this direction, to bring the structural properties of foods to the desired level by interfering with the genes of the foods by using the developing technological opportunities and thus to get more efficiency from a small area in a short time is important in terms of the food production philosophy of the future. Although there is not enough experimental evidence about the possible benefits and harms of interfering with the genes of foods and animals by means of gene technology, necessary precautions should be taken to minimize the possible effects and risks on the environment and future generations. The haram or halal status of GMO, which has started to take place in the food sector, has also been seriously discussed in terms of Islamic law. Issues for which there is no clear provision are tried to be decided within the framework of benefit-harm balance and within the framework of the general principles of fiqh. In order to determine the verdict of Genetically MODIFIED Foods, its effects on health, environment, economy and politics should also be taken into account.

Biotechnology offers a variety of potential environmental, social and economic benefits but, it is the center of extreme public and political debate at present. A major field of discussion in biotechnology is genetically MODIFIED (GM) ORGANISMS. New medical, political, ethical and religious discussions arise over the production and consumption of these ORGANISMS. Many surveys have been conducted in industrialized countries to investigate the public perceptions regarding the risks and benefits of biotechnology, while in developing countries hardly any studies have been done so far. The present descriptive study intends to contribute to a better understanding of public attitudes toward biotechnology and GM foods in Iran. To assess the public’s knowledge and opinions on the dangers or opportunities of genetic modification, 300 university students as a sample of educated community and 300 individuals with no university’s education as a sample of ordinary people were asked to complete a specially designed questionnaire on the risks and benefits of biotechnology and GM foods. This article summarizes the current situation with regard to biotechnology, with a particular focus on GM foods and discusses the results of the survey. Our results indicated that public’s knowledge about biotechnology is low in Iran and more efforts are needed to improve their understanding of different aspects of biotechnology.

Introduction: Ethical LIVING is a lifestyle in which all areas of human existence and work are formed and flow around ethics. That is, a person who wants to live morally, in all areas, tries to know the ethical considerations related to that area and follow them in practice and live according to them. The current article is research on the moral system of Thomas Aquinas with a focus on examining the nature of the moral goal of human life and the moral rationality of such a life. Material and Methods: The present review study examined bioethics from the perspective of Thomas Aquinas in a descriptive manner. In order to achieve this goal, articles related to research keywords from Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med were examined and books related to the views of Thomas Aquinas were studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to Thomas Aquinas's view on man, becoming like God and realizing God's image in material life and seeing God in the hereafter is the moral goal and eternal happiness of man. Also, Thomas Aquinas believes in the moral rationality of such a life from both perspectives-having a reason to live morally and the usefulness of such a life.